3.1.3 Kafka
Apache Kafka is an open-source stream-processing platform, which allows for processing of large amounts of data feeds
Jeremy Theocharis
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3.1.2 MQTT
MQTT is the de-facto standard for communication in the IoT
3.1.1 Unified Namespace
Unified Namespace is another word for event-driven architecture
3.1 Techniques and Protocols
Techniques and architectural patterns that have established themselves in the field of Industrial IoT.
3. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
The Industrial IoT is the interface between IT and OT
2.6 Data Historian
Data Historians are time series databases specifically for OT purposes
2.5 Retrofitting
Retrofitting is the strategy used to enhance capabilities of machine. By adding sensors, the team can generate insights of a machine or a production process in an indirect manner, improving their initial capabilities.
2.4 Lean Management
Lean Management optimises processes by reducing time spent on non-value-added tasks (unnecessary operations or transport, waiting, overproduction, etc.), causes of poor quality and complications
2.3 Operations Management (MES, ERP, PLM)
As referred in the chapter Automation pyramid, on the layer 3 the software system defined is MES and on layer 4 ERP and PLM. These software systems will be explained in the current section in detail.
2.2.8 Machine certifications
There are several standards of machine certifications. Here we describe the most important ones and how they are differentiated.
2.2.7 Electrical cabinets
Electrical or industrial control panels, electrical cabinets, electrical enclosures or e-racks are boxes where electrical components are stored. These components perform different tasks for monitoring and controlling a machine or a production process.
2.2.6 Fieldbus
PLCs, HMIs and SCADA systems can communicate with each other via fieldbusses.